Fístula gastrocólica secundaria a cáncer de colon / Gastrocolic fistula secondary to colon cáncer / Fístula gastrocólica secundária a câncer de cólon

La fístula gastrocólica descrita en 1755 por Albrecht von Haller, se define como la comunicación anormal entre el colon generalmente transverso y estómago en su curvatura mayor. Se conocen distintas etiologías, siendo un hallazgo poco frecuente con escasos reportes en la literatura. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 85 años con historia de anemia y adelgazamiento que consulta por cuadro de vómitos fecaloideos, sin alteraciones de tránsito digestivo bajo, sin dolor ni distensión abdominal con ruidos hidroaéreos normales y sonda nasogástrica con contenido fecaloideo. La Tomografía (fig. 1) confirma una lesión de probable etiología maligna del ángulo esplénico del colon fistulizado a estómago por lo que se decide la realización de una colectomía sectorial con anastomosis primaria y gastrectomía subtotal, evolucionando favorablemente con un alta a los 6 días. La anatomía patológica informa adenocarcinoma de colon moderadamente diferenciado con compromiso gástrico.

Absceso del psoas ilíaco secundario a un tumor de colon izquierdo fistulizado al retroperitoneo: caso clínico y análisis de la literatura / Iliopsoas abscess resulting from penetrating left colon cancer to the retroperitoneum: case report and literature review / Abscesso do iliopsoas secundário a tumor de cólon esquerdo fistulizado para o retroperitônio: caso clínico e análise da literatura

Los abscesos del psoas ilíaco secundarios a un tumor de colon fistulizado son excepcionales y potencialmente graves. La mayoría son adenocarcinomas de tipo mucinoso. Su tratamiento es complejo ya que, para lograr una resección oncológica pretendidamente curativa, es necesario realizar una resección ampliada con mayor morbimortalidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un adenocarcinoma mucinoso de colon izquierdo fistulizado al músculo ilíaco y la pared anterolateral del abdomen en la que se realizó una resección multivisceral que incluyó el colon izquierdo, el músculo y la cresta ilíaca y parte de la pared anterolateral del abdomen.

Iliopsoas abscess secondary to perforation of colon cancer is an extremely rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Most tumors are mucinous adenocarcinomas. Its treatment its complex, as most patients need radical extended resections to achieve good oncological results, which are in turn, graved with higher morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with a left colon mucinous adenocarcinoma penetrating to the iliopsoas muscle and the anterolateral abdominal wall that required a multivisceral resection including left colon, iliac muscle and crest and part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

Abscessos do iliopsoas secundários a um tumor de cólon fistulizado são raros e potencialmente graves. A maioria são adenocarcinomas do tipo mucinoso. Seu tratamento é complexo, pois, para se obter uma ressecção oncológica supostamente curativa, é necessário realizar uma ressecção ampliada com maior morbimortalidade. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com adenocarcinoma mucinoso de cólon esquerdo fistulizado para o músculo ilíaco e parede ântero-lateral do abdome no qual foi realizada ressecção multivisceral que incluiu cólon esquerdo, músculo e crista ilíaca e parte do a parede anterolateral do abdome.

Exactitud diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada en la estadificación del cáncer de colon / Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in colon cancer staging

Resumen Introducción: Una terapia emergente para el cáncer de colon es la neoadyuvancia, en casos seleccionados. Dicha selección se basa en el análisis preoperatorio de imágenes mediante tomografía computada. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es determinar la exactitud diagnóstica del examen para estadificar el cáncer de colon y su correlación entre radiólogos expertos. Materiales y Método: Estudio de exactitud diagnóstica. Previo cálculo muestral se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 47 pacientes con adenocarcinoma colónico resecado con intención curativa e imágenes hasta 60 días previo cirugía. Se evaluó profundidad de invasión tumoral e invasión linfonodal por 2 radiólogos expertos y ciegos entre sí. Las diferencias fueron auditadas por un tercer radiólogo experto. Se compararon resultados con la biopsia, calculando la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo negativo, valor predictivo positivo y exactitud diagnóstica del examen. Se calculó la concordancia entre radiólogos mediante el índice de kappa. Resultados: La exactitud para diferenciar tumores T3-T4 de T1-T2 fue del 89,4%. En cambio, la capacidad para diferenciar tumores T4 de los T3 fue de un 65,9%. La exactitud para determinar un N (+) fue de un 66%. La concordancia entre radiólogos fue de 0,929 para identificar tumores T1-2, de 0,602 para T3, de 0,584 para T4. Para determinar un N (+), la concordancia fue de 0,521. Conclusión: La exactitud diagnóstica de la tomografía computada en cáncer de colon es adecuada para distinguir tumores avanzados. Sin embargo, su capacidad para discriminar entre T3 y T4, los N (+) y la baja concordancia entre radiólogos, sugiere la necesidad de buscar técnicas imagenológicas complementarias.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant therapy is an emerging treatment for selected cases of colon cancer. The decision is based on the analysis of preoperative images taken by computed tomography. However, its ability to discriminate those who could benefit from this therapy is unknown. Aim: Our objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography to evaluate the colon cancer stage and its correlation among expert radiologists. Materials and Method: Diagnostic accuracy study. After sample size calculation, we randomly selected 47 patients who underwent a colonic adenocarcinoma resection with curative intent and had available images up to 60 days after surgery. The depth of tumor and lymph nodal invasion were evaluated by two expert radiologists, blinded to each other. The differences between radiologists were audited by a third one. The results were correlated with biopsy as the gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography. The agreement between radiologists was calculated using the kappa index. Results: The accuracy to differentiate T3-T4 tumors from T1-T2 was 89.4%. In contrast, ability to differentiate T4 tumors from T3 tumors was 65.9%. The accuracy to determine an N (+) was 66%. Agreement between radiologists was 0.929 to identify T1-2, 0.602 for T3, 0.584 for T4 tumors. To determine an N (+), the concordance was 0.521. Conclusion: Diagnostic computed tomography accuracy in colon cancer is adequate to differentiate advanced tumors. However, its ability to discriminate between T3 and T4, N (+) and the low agreement between radiologists suggests the need for complementary imaging techniques.

Impacto da retroflexão na detecção de lesões de cólon proximal: avaliação de 393 pacientes em hospital privado terciário / Impact of retroflexed view on the detection of lesions in the proximal colon: assessment of 393 patients in a private tertiary hospital

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The gold standard test for colorectal cancer screening the colonoscopy. Although this is the test of choice, colonoscopy misses a significant number of lesions, mainly in the proximal colon. With the purpose of reducing the number of lesions missed, new techniques have been studied, amongst them, retroflexed view in the right side of the colon and the second direct forward view. OBJECTIVE: Assessing the safety of the retroview in the proximal colon (cecum and ascending colon), its impact on the detection of lesions in the proximal colon and its advantage over the double right forward view using adenoma detection rate and adenoma miss rate. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-three patients who came to Hospital Mater Dei to undergo colonoscopy from March to July 2017, prospectively. Out of these, 372 were included in the study based on the following exclusion criteria: being under 18 years of age, inadequate bowel preparations (Boston scale <7), history of colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease or polypoid diseases. First, an endoscopist inserted the colonoscope into the cecum and examine the cecum and the ascending colon with a forward view twice. In the third insertion into the cecum, retroflexed view was performed, cecal mucosa was examined until the hepatic flexure in search of polyps missed on forward view. All lesions found were resected and sent for histological analysis. RESULTS: In 334 (89.8%) patients, retroflexed view was performed successfully, 65.8% of failures were attributed to the loops of the device which prevented the maneuver. The direct view identified 175 polyps in the proximal colon in 102 people. Retroflexed view detected 26 polyps missed by the direct view in 24 (6.5%) people, with a missing rate of 12.9% in the test with only the forward view. Out of the 26 polyps found in retroview, 21 (80.76%) were adenomas, one of them with a high-grade dysplasia. Eleven patients had polyps seen only in retroflexed view. Retroview has increased the polyp detection rate from 27.41% to 31.72% and the adenoma detection rate from 21.77% to 25%. The adenoma miss rate by the double direct view was 12.8%. Without the retroview, one polyp in every 13.91 colonoscopies would be missed (number needed to treat - NNT=13.91). There was no adverse event. CONCLUSION: The retroflexed view technique in the proximal colon was shown to be safe, fast and feasible in most cases. It increased the adenoma detection rate and was shown to be advantageous in this study wit benefit beyond the double direct view.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O exame padrão ouro para rastreamento de câncer colorretal é a colonoscopia. Apesar de ser o exame de escolha, a colonoscopia perde um número não desprezível de lesões, principalmente no cólon proximal. Com a intenção de reduzir a perda de lesões, novas técnicas são estudadas, dentre elas, a retroflexão em cólon direito e a segunda visão frontal direta. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança da retrovisão no cólon proximal (ceco e cólon ascendente), o seu impacto na detecção de lesões em cólon proximal e sua superioridade sobre a dupla visão frontal direta usando taxa de detecção de adenoma e taxa de adenoma perdido. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 393 pacientes de forma prospectiva que procuraram o Hospital Mater Dei para realizar colonoscopia entre março e julho de 2017. Desses, 372 foram incluídos baseados nos critérios de exclusão: menores de 18 anos, preparos intestinais inadequados (escala de Boston <7), com antecedente de colectomia, doença inflamatória intestinal ou síndromes polipoides. Primeiramente um endoscopista realizou a inserção do colonoscópio até o ceco e examinou o ceco e o cólon ascendente em visão frontal por duas vezes. Na terceira reinserção até o ceco era realizada a retroflexão e inspeção da mucosa do ceco até a flexura hepática em busca de pólipos perdidos à visão frontal. Todas lesões encontradas foram ressecadas e enviadas para análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Em 334 (89,8%) pacientes a retroflexão foi realizada com sucesso, 65,8% dos insucessos foram atribuídos a alças no aparelho que impediram a manobra. A visão direta identificou 175 pólipos no cólon proximal em 102 pessoas. A retroflexão detectou 26 pólipos perdidos pela visão direta em 24 (6,5%) pessoas, com uma taxa de perda de 12,9% no exame apenas em visão frontal. Dos 26 pólipos encontrados em retrovisão, 21 (80,76%) eram adenomas, um deles com displasia de alto grau. Onze pacientes tinham pólipos vistos apenas em retroflexão. A realização da retrovisão aumentou a taxa de detecção de pólipo de 27,41% para 31,72% e a taxa de detecção e adenomas de 21,77% para 25%. A taxa de adenoma perdido pela dupla visão direta foi de 12,8%. Se a retrovisão não fosse realizada, um pólipo a cada 13,91 colonoscopias seria perdido (NNT=13,91). Não houve nenhum evento adverso. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de retroflexão em cólon proximal mostrou-se segura, rápida e factível na maioria dos casos. Ela aumentou a taxa de detecção de adenomas e mostrou-se soberana neste estudo com benfeitorias além da dupla visão direta.

Hallazgo de Tumor Maligno/Premaligno Insospechado en Estudios 18 F-FDG PET/TC en Pacientes Oncológicos: Incidental Malignant/Premalignant Tumor Detection in Oncological Patients / 18 f-fdg pet/ct

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia y el tipo de tumor maligno/premaligno insospechado como hallazgo en estudios 18 F-FDG PET/TC en pacientes oncológicos. Material y Métodos Se revisaron retrospectivamente (de enero de 2014 a marzo de 2017), informes de estudios 18 F-FDG PET/TC de pacientes oncológicos, identificando aquellos pacientes con hallazgo de lesión sospechosa de otro tumor maligno como hallazgo incidental. La información fue obtenida a partir de determinadas "palabras clave" en la base de datos del Centro. Los hallazgos se confirmaron mediante histopatología y/o seguimiento clínico y paraclínico de como mínimo seis meses. Resultados De 4.086 pacientes oncológicos estudiados con 18 F-FDG PET/TC, se encontró lesión sospechosa de otro tumor maligno en 130 (3,2%), de los cuales 72 eran mujeres y 58 hombres, con edad media de 61 años. Los tumores primarios más frecuentes (aquellos que motivaron el pedido del examen PET/CT inicialmente), fueron de mama (n = 27), pulmón (n = 27) y colo-recto (n = 20). Se confirmaron por histopatología 49 (1,2%) nuevos tumores malignos/premalignos y dos lesiones metastásicas. La localización del segundo tumor primario correspondió a: colon (n = 18), pulmón (n = 6), mama (n = 6), linfoma (n = 3), ovario (n = 2), endometrio/cuello uterino (n = 2), tiroides (n = 2) y otros (n = 10). Resultaron 28 hallazgos falsos positivos, 31 pacientes no se estudiaron por progresión lesional y 20 pacientes se perdieron de seguimiento. Discusión La prevalencia de neoplasia primaria maligna múltiple (NPMM) es variable entre 0,7 y 11,7%. En nuestra serie, se encontró lesión sospechosa de segundo tumor en 130 casos (3,2%), de los cuales se confirmaron 49 segundos tumores (1,2%), similar a Conclusiones La tasa de detección de tumor maligno insospechado confirmado histológicamente fue de 1,2%. Todo hallazgo incidental sospechoso de malignidad en 18 F-FDG PET/TC debe ser estudiado, ya que puede corresponder a un segundo tumor maligno no sospechado con posibilidad de tratamiento curativo.

Purpose To determine the frequency and type of unexpected malignant/ premalignant tumor as a finding in 18 F-FDG PET/CT studies in oncological patients. Material and Methods Reports of 18 F-FDG PET/CT studies of oncological patients were reviewed retrospectively (from January 2014 to March 2017), with the finding of suspicious lesion of another malignant tumor. The information was obtained from certain "keywords" in the Center's database. The findings were confirmed by histopathology when possible and with clinical and paraclinical follow-up for at least six months. Results Of 4086 oncological patients, studied with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, a suspicious lesion of another malignant tumor was found in 130 (3.2%), 72 female and 58 male sex, average age 61 years. The most frequent primary tumors were: breast (n = 27), lung (n = 27) and colo-rectum (n = 20). 49 (1.2%) new malignant/premalignant tumors and two metastatic lesions were confirmed by histopathology. The location of the second primary tumor was: colon (n = 18), lung (n = 6), breast (n = 6), lymphoma (n = 3), ovary (n = 2), endometrium/cervix (n = 2), thyroid (n = 2) and others (n = 10). There were 28 false positive findings, 31 patients were not studied for progression and 20 patients were lost to follow-up. Discussion The prevalence of multiple malignant primary neoplasia (MMPN) is variable between 0.7 and 11.7%. In our series, a suspicious second tumor lesion was found in 130 cases (3.2%), of which 49 second tumors (1.2%) were confirmed, similar to that reported by other authors. Conclusions The detection rate of unsuspected malignant tumor was 1.2%, coincident with the literature. Any incidental finding suspicious of malignancy in 18 F-FDG PET/CT should be studied since in most cases it corresponds to early diagnosis with the possibility of curative treatment.

Qualidade em colonoscopia e taxa de detecção de adenoma no Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Adenoma detection rate evaluation and quality of colonoscopy in the center-west region of brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. Peculiarities of its evolution allow secondary prevention measures through colonoscopy, with high diagnostic and therapeutic capacity. In this context, the quality indicators of the procedure become important, among them the adenoma detection rate (ADR). OBJECTIVE: To relate the ADR in a medium risk population subjected to colonoscopy with sociodemographic, technical and histopathological indicators. METHODS: This was a descriptive, observational and retrospective study whose data were collected from medical records of colonoscopy exams with the indication of colorectal cancer screening or prevention in the period from August to October 2016. RESULTS: A total of 436 exams were included for analysis. Female sex represented 66.3% with 289 patients versus 33.7% for men. Patients aged between 50 and 59 years were 223 (51.1%) and those between 60 and 75 years were 213 (48.9%). In 99 exams (22.7%) chromoscopy was used, and 420 patients (96.3%) were adequately prepared. There were 118 patients with adenomas, resulting in an overall ADR of 27.1%. The ADR for men was 30.6% and 25.3% for women. Patients between 60 and 75 years old had a significantly higher ADR (31.9%, compared to 22.4% of the younger ones). Examinations in which chromoscopy was used also presented higher ADR. CONCLUSION: The ADR values found for the population of the studied region were compatible with internationally established goals. Continuous evaluation of the ADR may yield interventions aimed at improving quality standards for colonoscopy and promote better prevention of colorectal cancer.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O câncer colorretal é o terceiro câncer mais incidente em homens e o segundo em mulheres em todo o mundo. Peculiaridades de sua evolução permitem medidas de prevenção secundária através da colonoscopia, com alta capacidade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Nesse contexto os indicadores de qualidade se tornam importantes, dentre eles a taxa de detecção de adenomas (TDA). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a taxa de detecção de adenomas em uma população de médio risco submetida a colonoscopia, relacionando-a a indicadores sociodemográficos, técnicos e histopatológicos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, observacional e retrospectivo cujos dados foram coletados de registros e prontuários médicos de exames de colonoscopia com indicação de rastreamento ou prevenção do câncer colorretal no período de agosto a outubro de 2016. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 436 laudos de exames para análise de dados. O sexo feminino representou 66,3% com 289 pacientes contra 33,7% de homens. Os pacientes entre 50 e 59 anos de idade foram 223 (51,1%) e 213 entre 60 a 75 anos (48,9%). Em 99 exames (22,7%) foi feito uso de cromoscopia e 420 exames (96,3%) tiveram preparo adequado. Cento e dezoito pacientes tiveram adenomas, resultando em uma TDA geral no serviço de 27,1%. A TDA para homens foi de 30,6% e 25,3% para mulheres. Os pacientes entre 60 e 75 anos tiveram uma TDA significativamente maior (31,9%, contra 22,4% dos mais jovens). Exames em que foi feito uso cromoscopia também apresentaram maior TDA. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de TDA encontrados podem validar o uso de metas estabelecidas mundialmente para a população da região estudada e sua progressão temporal pode propor medidas para o aumento dessa taxa.

The Effectiveness of Ferritin as a Contrast Agent for Cell Tracking MRI in Mouse Cancer Models

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ferritin as a contrast agent and a potential reporter gene for tracking tumor cells or macrophages in mouse cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adenoviral human ferritin heavy chain (Ad-hFTH) was administrated to orthotopic glioma models and subcutaneous colon cancer mouse models using U87MG and HCT116 cells, respectively. Brain MR images were acquired before and daily for up to 6 days after the intracranial injection of Ad-hFTH. In the HCT116 tumor model, MR examinations were performed before and at 6, 24, and 48 h after intratumoral injection of Ad-hFTH, as well as before and every two days after intravenous injection of ferritin-labeled macrophages. The contrast effect of ferritin in vitro was measured by MR imaging of cell pellets. MRI examinations using a 7T MR scanner comprised a T1-weighted (T1w) spin-echo sequence, T2-weighted (T2w) relaxation enhancement sequence, and T2*-weighted (T2*w) fast low angle shot sequence. RESULTS: Cell pellet imaging of Ad-hFTH in vitro showed a strong negatively enhanced contrast in T2w and T2*w images, presenting with darker signal intensity in high concentrations of Fe. T2w images of glioma and subcutaneous HCT116 tumor models showed a dark signal intensity around or within the Ad-hFTH tumor, which was distinct with time and apparent in T2*w images. After injection of ferritin-labeled macrophages, negative contrast enhancement was identified within the tumor. CONCLUSION: Ferritin could be a good candidate as an endogenous MR contrast agent and a potential reporter gene that is capable of maintaining cell labeling stability and cellular safety.

Clinical Significance of Bowel Wall Thickening Detected with 64-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning frequently leads to the incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the management of patients who had incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening on MDCT. METHODS: From May 2006 to March 2008, the abdominal MDCT reports of all patients in Chungbuk National University Hospital were reviewed. Cases with any bowel thickening was selected and then patients who received gastroscopy or colonoscopy after abdominal MDCT were re-selected. RESULTS: Gastroscopy revealed abnormal findings in 22 (95.7%) out of 23 patients, and 10 patients (43.5%) had stomach cancers. Colonoscopy revealed abnormal findings in 35 (85.4%) out of 41 patients, and 12 patients (29%) had malignant tumors. In the patients who had lymph node enlargement (p<0.001), dirty fat infiltration (p=0.025), and irregular wall thickening (p<0.001) on MDCT malignancy was observed more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend gastroscopy and colonoscopy to patients who had incidentally found bowel wall thickening on MDCT, especially those with lymph node enlargement, dirty fat infiltration, and irregular wall thickening.

Colonoscopía virtual: realidad en un hospital público / Virtual colonoscopy: reality in a public hospital

Colon cancer is the third cause of death by cancer in Chile. Virtual CT colonoscopy (VC) is a non-invasive imaging technique in development. The most common indications of VC are screening of colonic polyp, incomplete conventional colonoscopy and staging of colorectal tumors. The objective of our study is to show our experience with this method in the Radiology Unit of Hospital Padre Hurtado. We reviewed 15 VC, corresponding to 15 patients (10 female and 5 male), with ages between 18 and 75. Six exams showed no significant findings (40%), 4 diverticular diseases (26,6%), 3 colon cancers (20%), and 2 familial polyposis (13,3%). VC proved to be an accesible method, well tolerated by the patients, less invasive than conventional colonoscopy and with no complications in our series. It also constitutes for us an excellent study method in patients where conventional colonoscopy is incomplete. We obtained an adecuate correlation with conventional colonosocopy, when this method was performed. Evaluation of the data obtained from VC requires a trained radiologist and, in some occasions, prolonged time for analysis and interpretation of the results.

El cáncer de colon es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en Chile. La colonoscopía virtual (CV) es una técnica de imagen no invasiva en desarrollo. Sus indicaciones habituales son: screening y detección de pólipos en el colon, colonoscopía convencional fallida o incompleta y, etapificación de tumores colorrectales. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue mostrar nuestra experiencia con este método diagnóstico en el Servicio de Imagenología del Hospital Padre Hurtado. Se revisaron 15 exámenes de CV que correspondieron a 15 pacientes (10 mujeres y 5 hombres), con edades entre 18 y 75 años. Los estudios mostraron 6 casos sin hallazgos patológicos significativos (40%), 4 enfermedades diverticulares (26,6%), 3 neoplasias de colon (20%) y 2 poliposis familiares (13,3%). La colonoscopía por TC resultó ser una técnica accesible, bien tolerada por los pacientes, menos invasiva que la fibrocolonoscopía y sin complicaciones. Además, para nosotros constituye un excelente método de estudio, sobretodo en aquellos pacientes en los cuales la fibrocolonoscopía resultó fallida o incompleta. Se obtuvo una buena correlación con colonoscopía convencional, cuando ésta se pudo realizar. El post-proceso de los datos requiere de entrenamiento del radiólogo y, algunas veces, tiempo prolongado para el análisis e interpretación de los resultados.

[Production and quality control of technetium-99m radiolabeled monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells]

Binding a monoclonal antibody to tumor associated antigens is an effective method for cancer therapy because these agents can specifically target malignant cells. In fact, monoclonal antibodies are effective agents for diagnosis, grading and treatment of different kinds of cancers. In this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and radiolabeling with technetium-99m evaluated. This research was done in three parts: preparation of hybridoma cell against colon cancer cell line [HT29], production of monoclonal antibody, determination of its characterizations and radiolabeling with technetium-99m. mAb-D2 is an IgG1 with affinity constant of 7.2x10[9] M[-1] which can recognize CEA in tumor cells. Radiolabeling showed that [99m]Tc-HYNIC-mAb-D2 complex is stable, immunoradioactive, and has a desirable biodistribution. In this study, we gained a new radiopharmaceutical that may be a good candidate for radioimmunoscintigraphy

Squamous cell carcinoma of colon and rectum

Primary squamous cell carcinoma SCC of the colon and rectum is a rare malignancy. Less than 100 cases have been reported in literature. We report 2 cases of pure SCC involving the rectum and sigmoid colon. A review of literature has been made starting from the first report in 1919 to the present. We have examined the theories regarding the etiology, available treatment modalities, and prognosis for this variant of colorectal carcinoma. We conclude that this tumor presents later than adenocarcinoma and follows an aggressive course. With a greater awareness among surgeons and pathologists, more cases may become known leading to a better estimation of prevalence and clinicopathological behavior of this tumor

Focal Eosinophilic Necrosis of the Liver in Patients with Underlying Gastric or Colorectal Cancer: CT Differentiation from Metastasis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the helical CT findings which help differentiate between focal eosinophilic necrosis (FEN) of the liver and metastasis in patients with underlying gastric or colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHDOS: In 21 patients with underlying gastric and colorectal cancer examined during a recent 18-month period, the presence of FEN (n=90) was proven at CT. The diagnosis was verified by biopsy in eight patients and by the transient nature of the findings related to peripheral eosinophilia (>10%) in the remainder. For comparison, 20 consecutive patients with pathologically proven hepatic metastasis from gastric or colorectal cancer (n=158) were selected. Single-phase helical CT images (7-mm collimation, pitch 1:1) were independently analyzed in a random order by two blinded readers. The parameters evaluated included the margin (depicted border, fuzzy), shape (spherical, non-spherical), attenuation (subtle hypoattenuation, hypoattenuation), and the presence or absence of rim enhancement. RESULTS: FEN far more frequently showed a fuzzy margin (81%, 84%), subtle hypoattenuation (89%, 91%), and a non-spherical shape (84% for both readers) than metastasis, for which the respective findings were 6%, 22%; 20%, 39%; and 15%, 23%. Rim enhancement was seldom found in FEN (0%, 2%), but was recognized by both readers in 40% of metastases. For all parameters, the results were statistically significant (p < .01), and showed that both readers correctly differentiated FEN from metastasis in 78% of the patients (32/41). Interobserver agreement was, in addition, excellent (K= 0.66). CONCLUSION: When focal hepatic lesions with a fuzzy margin, non-spherical shape and subtle hypoattenuation without rim enhancement are found, the possibility of FEN should be considered even in patients with underlying gastrointestinal malignancy.

Extranasal T/NK-cell lymphoma presenting as intestinal diverticulum

A case of intestinal angiocentric T/NK-cell lymphoma in a 58-year-old man is reported. The patient presented initially with panperitonitis because of perforation of sigmoid colon diverticulum. He underwent segmentectomy of involved bowel. Histologically, the intestinal wall showed diffuse infiltration of medium or large size lymphoma cells with angiocentric growth and necrosis. The lymphoma cells were CD56+, CD45RO+, CD3+, CD4-, CD8-, CD20-, and CD30- in paraffin sections with germline configuration of TCR-gamma gene, consistent with T/NK-cell lymphoma. Further staging revealed splenomegaly. Intestinal angiocentric T/NK cell lymphoma represents a distinct etiology of diverticulum with perforation.

Le cancer du colon a l'hopital de Melen (Gabon) : aspects clinique; diagnostique; histologique et therapeutique

Les auteurs rapportent leur experience des cancers coliques sur une periode de dix ans a l'hopital de Melen. L'affection est d'une rarete extreme au Gabon (0;07 pour cent masculine de l'activite chirurgicale). Il y a une predominance masculine; le sex-ratio hommes/femmes est superieur a 1 en faveur des hommes. L'age moyen des patients est de 57 ans. Les signes cliniques les plus frequents sont: l'asthenie; la douleur et l'amaigrissement. L'hemorragie exteriorisee n'a pas ete observee; les troubles du transit viennent au 4eme rang. Les signes biologiques sont domines par une anemie avec acceleration de la vitesse de sedimentation. Les moyens diagnostiques ont ete le lavement baryte et la colonoscopie; 2 fois; il s'est agi d'une decouverte operatoire. Les localisations caecales sont les plus nombreuses (57 pour cent). Les adenocarcinomes sont les plus frequents (80 pour cent) des malades ayant beneficie d'un examen histologique. La chirurgie fut l'unique traitement propose. Le taux de resecabilite etait de 71 pour cent. Les suites operatoires ont ete simples sur le plan digestif; par ailleurs il y a eu 2 suppurations parietales. La duree moyenne d'hospitalisation etait de 19 jours. 42 pour cent de survie a 5 ans ont ete obtenus. Malgre son extreme rarete; le cancer du colon existe bien dans ces regions; mais le faible nombre de patients actuel ne permet pas de tirer des conclusions definitives